Realism Vs. Realism A Critique Of Realism - 1863 Words

This paper begins with a brief presentation of Realism and an explanation of why this theory maintains that morality should not influence behavior in international relations. It then presents a Cosmopolitan critique of this stance; namely, that acting in this manner is unjust if doing so fails to promote the greatest good. Of course, this is the consequentialist strain of Cosmopolitan thought. Next, this paper introduces a Rawlsean critique of Realism. Here it is argued that Rawlsean theory takes issue with Realism because acting solely to further the self-interest of one s state would violate the principles agreed upon within the Original Position, as outlined in the Law of Peoples. It is further argued that Realism’s guiding maxim cannot be universalized and therefore, like Cosmopolitanism, Rawlseanism maintains that Realism is unjust, albeit for differing reasons. In closing, this paper presents a Realist response to these critiques. Here it is argued that Realism counters both Rawls and Cosmopolitanism by pointing out that in the absence of a centralized authority, neither theory should be taken seriously. According to Forde, self-interest plays a critical role in Realist thought: the essence of international realism is the primacy of self-interest over moral principle (62). Realists argue that self-interest is paramount in international relations because of the international relations context. Lacking a centralized government or authority results in anShow MoreRelated Pacifisim vs. Realism Essays1735 Words   |  7 PagesPacifisim vs. Realism In this paper I will be analyzing and critiquing the theory of pacifism. This theory is the belief that war is never an option under any circumstance. Even if a nation is being attacked a pacifist will believe that retaliating is morally wrong for a number of reasons. 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As Rod puts it although both SR and LP believesRead MoreASAM 5 Notes Essay6590 Words   |  27 Pagesare worthy of your time What is literature A James woods: Fiction is a creaseless experiment with uncollectable data An attempt to order data with the use of story Allows us to see the wholeness of a life we cannot see in our own life Forms: Realism, modernism, post modernism Froitzan on why he writes: I want to bring pleasure with everything I write†¦    On minority literature- Deleuze and Guattar: 3 features The deterriorializtion of a major language through a minor literature writtenRead MoreFar from Harmless Childrens Stories Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesPassed down orally from generation to generation, fairy tales have been produced throughout history. They tell stories of witches, demons, creatures, dragons, and ultimately good vs. evil. Yet, delving into the real meaning behind fairy tales sheds light into motives of the lower class. 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A Short Note On Diabetes And Mexican Immigrants - 1251 Words

Increased Diabetes in Mexican Immigrants Health Problem Introduction The foundation of the United States was built on migration. Every year new immigrants are coming into the country. Grieco et al. (2010) stated that in 2012 there were 11.7 million immigrants from Mexico living in America. Diabetes among Mexican immigrants have been increasing over the years, and now considered the highest risk group of getting diabetes (Barcellos, Goldman, Smith, 2012; O’Brien, Alos, Davey, Bueno, Whitaker, 2014). Evidence In regards to this problem, one hypothesis for the escalation is that later generations of Mexican immigrants, specifically second and third generations, are exposed and overstressed with assimilating to a new culture†¦show more content†¦Hopefully, educating and preventing myself from developing diabetes in the future. Pros and Cons When it comes to diabetes, there are no pros about this health problem. Conversely, there are many cons to this health issue. Most importantly, this disease has many complications, and one major complication is heart disease (CDC, 2015). Also, individuals with diabetes are fours time more likely to die due to heart disease, and is considered the top cause of death (CDC, 2015). According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2014), individuals of Hispanic descent have more complications and disability from diabetes, and there is high importance to reduce this among this population. However, another con, is a lack of resources for Mexican immigrants in self-management of diabetes. A study by Schneiderman et al. (2014), found that 47.9 percent of participants did not have health coverage, and 41.3 percent of participants did not know about their diabetes disease. Staggering results show that there is a need for support in various areas in the management of diabetes. As a re sult, my stance on this rising issue, is that diabetes can be managed with adequate resources, education and collaboration, especially in incorporating folk beliefs, that will lead to healthier lives for Mexican Immigrants (CDC, 2015; Gordon, 1994). Ethical Principles

Focault- Discipline and Punish Free Essays

string(109) " and knowledge use their controls on society to establish norms whereby they evaluate the actions of people\." Table of Contents Introduction2 Brief Overview2 Main arguments of discipline and Punish4 †¢Power4 †¢Prisons as part of civilisation4 †¢Punishment5 †¢The Body and Soul5 Evaluation of Discipline and Punish6 Conclusion7 ? Introduction: M. Foucault. 1975. We will write a custom essay sample on Focault- Discipline and Punish or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Random House Inc. Below is an in depth book review of Discipline and Punish, The Birth of the Prison. The author who compiled the analysis on this is Michel Foucault, whom provided enlightenment on many different aspects of sociology and philosophy- many which are still immensely relevant to societies today. I will be using this book review to channel an outline of Foucault’s work, viewpoints and purposes as such. Along with this I will include my personal critique of my literary experience of the book. I will consider important factors of logic, coherence, evidence, expertise and originality. These specified fields are all crucial to useful and meaningful sociological theories. In brief, my aim is to clarify the argument presented by Foucault and provide my account of its validity. Brief Overview: Michel Foucault’s, Discipline and Punish, provides the reader of the historical timeline which ends at the institution of imprisonment that most modern societies have adopted today. The just of his intentions for the book are presented in the first section. Much of this includes his aim which is to trace the penal system back to its roots in order to define and identify its significance in the present. These roots begin in the seventeenth century. Here public torture and execution prevailed as the form of punishment. As aspects of society changed, especially power structures, so did this system of punishment- much like in an evolutionary manner. At this point it is probably important to highlight that a better alternative to the concept of the penal timeline, is rather a cycle- thus making visible the state it was in at birth and plotting its journey to maturity. The model of the prison is not yet a comprehendible result or solution in the beginning sections. Punishments were rather inhumane and gruesome methods of torture and execution which were â€Å"public spectacles†. The point of this was the solidification of the power figures amongst their people. This notion of power stirred amongst people who were ultimately discontent with the inefficiency of these structures. Whilst attempting to resolve this, a â€Å"reform† was created. Sadly, the preoccupation of the reform blinded people to the inhumanity, suffering and pain being brought upon these so-called criminals. Following this we see the transition to private and secret forms of punishment which was cut-off from public visibility. Coercive practices resulted in submissive criminals, with credit given to new techniques established by adapting and altering out-dated methods. The separation and the shift of focus from the body to the soul were early defining factors of the modern system. These also form an immensely important theme that is recurrent throughout the book. Foucault’s theoretical cycle of the penal system then moves on to preparation of criminals for their lives after incarceration and attempts to reintroduce these people back into society as respectable civilians. Considering noted critiques on this section, it remains unclear as to whether this was successful at its time of occurrence. An issue arising along with this stage is that of judgement- who is qualified to pass judgement and what standards are used for comparison? Finally, in the closing sections of the book we reach the heart of the book where we see the introduction of the first prison- highly influenced by the panoptic, and the penultimate stage which Foucault dates February 22, 1840. This date marks the success of the first carceral system which â€Å"perfected† the failures and short-comings of all the previous phases. Currently this institution has embedded itself in society and is the back-bone of order, laws and norms. The fact that at the moment there is no better alternatives to this, offers the assumption that the modern penal system has succeeded or human sciences are still advancing in order to further evolve current organisation- hence my prior labelling of this phase the â€Å"penultimate†. I feel that the purpose of the book is to inform the reader on a long list of various facets relating to sociology. These include the carceral system, the classical period, discipline, norms, power and penalty- to mention only a few. These all have significant importance in human sciences. My reaction or evaluation will conclude that Foucault has cleverly addressed establishments in sociology whilst using the penal system as a commonality to provide a practical sample- which in turn favours the readers understanding of sociology in general. The audience for this theoretical work is most likely to target scholars of human sciences and philosophy. It may also spark interests of inquiries into the classical period given its historical flair. Main arguments of Discipline and Punish: Power: Foucault uses power as a central point of reference for punishing. All or most aspects of the book revolve around this, or come back to it at a point. According to him, as power structures change, so does the penal system. It adapts to requirements. In the section of the book titled â€Å"Body of the condemned†, we see how torture and punishment was used to reinforce the power of the sovereign. Knowledge is also important to power, because it is seen as the support for power. Those with greater knowledge, tend to yield or accumulate greater power. â€Å"Power produces knowledge . . . power and knowledge directly imply one another . . . here is no power relation without the correlative constitution of a field of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations. † Foucault describes that power can range from modifying ones self-control to complete coercion. It is embedded in society and all relations. As long as power relations exist, there will always be inherent authority and control . Here we see the effects of the â€Å"power to judge†. Those possessing power and knowledge use their controls on society to establish norms whereby they evaluate the actions of people. You read "Focault- Discipline and Punish" in category "Essay examples" Post-judgement and examination incarceration is determined by how far the perpetrator strays from â€Å"normal†. In Foucault’s opinion, society has allowed sceptic officials to take the power to judge- people such as medical professionals, psychologists, etc. In essence, it is argued that power controls society, yet it cannot be controlled. Prison as a part of civilisation: It is emphasised time and time again throughout the book that the prison is part of society and the two cannot be separated. Prison is based on the judicial system (laws and rules governing our daily lives), which is embedded and weaved into society. Often Foucault mentions prisons along with institutions such as schools, hospitals and armies etc. They are all organised using the same framework of control and judgement- which emphasizes his stance that it is a part of society. The penal system of prison is too far incorporated into our lives to deny the connection which exists. Punishment: â€Å"The art of punishing must rest on a whole technology of representation† Foucault argues that each punishment should teach a lesson. It should not only take away a delinquents liberty and freedom, it should make them work, keep them active, enforce good habits. Prior to this, the penalty should correlate with the crime committed in order to create relevance. It need not be an attempt to control the body, but rather install regulation directed at achieving a goal- such as reintegration into community after incarceration. Discipline must be continuous and must take the role of coercion. This we see from Foucault that it can be done using timetables and ranks- here differentiation of various series is important. The Body and Soul: Punishment was initially assigned to the physical body using methods of torture for example. In addition to this, the body could be used to stir fear amongst people during public executions. The body and the visible are reinforcing factors. However, with the changes in power, the body is no longer a target of direct punishment. The body now, as Foucault says, is supervised, controlled and organised. Although the body is replaced with the soul, it will still share an adjacent bond with punishment. Foucault argues that he produces a â€Å"genealogical account for the modern soul†- meaning that he intends to identify where the soul originated. There are two factors to this process in Discipline and Punish. First it is what is revised above- is the soul takes over from the body as the directive for punishment. Secondly, the shift from body to soul and the new methods of discipline have ultimately generated or created the soul. Unlike the body, there are no limits to how you can penalize the soul. Evaluation of Discipline and Punish: Firstly, I will start by commenting on the extent to which the book achieves its desired goal. Foucault initially wanted to provide a power of speech for those confined to a discourse. This includes those who do not have the knowledge required to accumulate power. I feel that their issues have been brought to light, however the reasons exceeding this is for the purpose of gaining insight into the functioning of society in sociological terms. This does not give attention to their possibly ambiguous labelling of being â€Å"abnormal†. They have purely become a vessel to greater knowledge. Foucault rejected norms as positive determinants. It was seen by him as negative and oppressive. The unusual phenomenon is not a natural process instinctually followed by humans. Foucault strived to highlight this irregularity through his book. However, when commenting on individuality (which opposes norms) there is an inherent negative notion towards the concept. What then, if against norms and individuality, does Foucault conceptualise as an alternative? This is a possible indication of an argument which is incoherent and conflicting. Ultimately, as we see towards Foucault’s final sections, that his intention was not to ignite conspiracy and doubt in the minds if the reader regarding the prison, but rather to create understanding of its operation and the factors contributing to its processes. This was done with the utmost success. The historical context and actual case studies used provide valid and convincing confirmation. His views at this point are adequately supported. In terms of possibilities suggested by the book Foucault leaves us with the premise that the carceral system is very destructive in more ways than one. He also provides a new way for us to think of this system- as strong and highly powerful. We see that Foucault is optimistic toward change- thus highlighting prospective opportunities for the carceral system as well as the human sciences as a whole. The subject matter of the book has to this day not received further research- nothing of such extensive significance. Foucault has successfully provided us with a realistic account into the historical penal system and at the same time addressed common topics in sociology- much like his section on individualism. The material available to us regarding the penitentiary system tends to focus on specific regions or prisons-commonly those in the United States. A book which is well versed on the issue at hand is Situational Prison Control by Richard Hartley. However, it still does not divulge into the history and â€Å"birth† of the phenomenon. Foucault successfully identified a research topic which was in need of attention and enlightenment. I feel an aspect Foucault neglected to focus on was future summations for the penal system and all it entails. We do not see any of his suggestions for possible ways forward or resolutions to the problems that exist. He has a tendency throughout the book, to highlight many downfalls yet no solutions. A few of personal proposals would have stimulated the readers thinking, ultimately opening doors for advancement for progress. Along with the above, I feel there is a lot that needs to be said on social divides amongst society. Foucault briefly touches on classes and social and economic situation but almost immediately redirected the train of thought. There is more to various demographics which influence all institutions throughout societies. Foucault failed to report on this and the way that their changes affect power relations and ultimately the penal system. Some of these demographics may include gender, age, race and ethnicity. Conclusion: I constantly referred back to specific criteria when considering the main arguments or theories of Discipline and Punish. This was helpful in concluding my opinion on whether Foucault has successfully argued his theory. My review concludes that a good research problem was identified and stated. The causes of this were also made apparent to the reader. Foucault carefully planned the way he would take-on this topic by testifying clear and concise points of view. At times it felt as though the argument was not coherent in that it would jump from one context to another. However, the main arguments and themes- such as the body and the soul were constantly referred to. This redeemed coherence with a well tied together and relevant argument- especially in the last section where everything is positioned into place. The evidence Foucault uses to elaborate his views and arguments are sufficient to enhance the validity of his study and specific arguments. He often provides actual occurrences in history- much like his introduction reporting on Damien’s execution in 1757 and referring to the opening of Mettray prison colony. Extensive referencing has been made available allowing further validation of facts. This in turn contributes to his ability to convince and persuade. Michel Foucault most definitely possessed the right attributes and expertise to work on this research problem. He had extensive training and experience in human sciences, from which he created his career. His direct encounters with the penal systems and prisons also granted him access to knowledge not readily available to others- thus making his expertise relative to the issue at hand. Keeping the short-comings I have mentioned in mind, I feel that Foucault’s arguments are valid and they all have been researched to the point where its concrete significance cannot be denied. Their continued relevance over the years supports my conclusion and it has in general been presented in a clear and concise manner. How to cite Focault- Discipline and Punish, Essay examples

Sales Management Telcontar

Questions: 1. Do you feel that Pages background in sales and marketing is the right kind of experience for this type of new venture? Might not a more technical background be more appropriate? 2.Pages immediate task is to recruit members for the sales team. Advise Page as to the type of salespersons he should be looking for. Answers: 1. Telcontar is known as the provider of the premier software platform for location-based services (LBS). A location based service is useful software that uses location data to control features. LBS can be used in different contexts such as agriculture, indoor, work, entertainment and personal life. Clients of Telcontar are Yahoo, Hutchison 3G, Criticom, Satronics and ATX technologies. Therefore, it can be seen that each of these companies belong to technical backgrounds. Managing director in any organization is the most senior person who bears the responsibility for the performance of his company. He reports to the chairman and shareholder and leads board of director. As Page has helped to restructure the business operation of previous company, it is evident that he is quite efficient in dealing with ground level employees. From this perspective, it can be said that Page will be able to handle these internal operations, as here critical technical knowledge is not required (Block, 20 16). However, it is also seen that all the clients of the organization are from technical background. While attending client meeting, Page will be asked to discuss about new technologies and software. From his experience, it can be assumed that he will ne be able to handle such situations. However, the questions are how many times he will be able to handle such situation without having proper technical knowledge and background. Therefore, it is important to have at least some amount of technical knowledge while communicating with such clients who are the leaders in software industry. 2. In order to expand the business, Telcontar would need a high numbers of salespersons that can capture greater market for the company. It is also crucial that he is aware of any problem related to that software in every area it materializes. They must understand that clients know all the problems; however, they do not understand how these problems cause problems in different functions and departments (Limbu et al, 2016). In addition to that, as the company is approaching towards new and unexplored market, the salespeople of Telcontar need to have the quality of developing proper relationship with the clients. The sales person will have to exhibit to his clients that he is an expert in the sector. Then clients will allow that salesperson to guide him in the implementation of new solutions. As a sales person, one has to trust what they are selling. Salesperson has to be persuasive as without it he will not be able to become an expert of the product (Farah, 2015). In this context, it can be observed the Telcontar would need consultant type of salespeople. The consultant salespeople have the capability of closing deals and developing relationships at the same time. The consultant sales persons are highly popular for their problem-solving ability and customer satisfactory approach. With the adoptive and well-rounded quality the consultant type of sales people are most appropriate for business necessity of Telcontar. Hence, Page should focus on consultant types of salespeople at the time of recruiting them. References Block, P. (2016).The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons. Farah, J. J. (2015). What Makes a Good Salesperson. InProceedings of the 1983 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 334-338). Springer International Publishing. Limbu, Y. B., Limbu, Y. B., Jayachandran, C., Jayachandran, C., Babin, B. J., Babin, B. J., ... Peterson, R. T. (2016). Empathy, nonverbal immediacy, and salesperson performance: the mediating role of adaptive selling behavior.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(5), 654-667. Lo, S. M. M., Sharma, P. (2015). Exploring the role of salesperson attributes and service behaviors in adaptive selling. InBoundary Spanning Elements and the Marketing Function in Organizations(pp. 63-79). Springer International Publishing.

Character analysis of Eddie Essay Example

Character analysis of Eddie Paper A View from the Bridge is a contemporary drama written by Arthur Miller in 1955, who was born in New York City and studied at the University of Michigan. The play takes place in Brooklyn around 1950’s.  Eddie is an inarticulate character and is powerless in the face of his tragic fate. He harbors a secret lust for his niece Catherine which causes eventually his destruction. Throughout the play, he is seen as the tragic hero or tragic protagonist, meaning he is the central character on whom the tragedy befalls. Eddie is uneducated and hardworking determined to do his duty of his family and maintain the respect of the neighbour, â€Å"He is forty—a husky, slightly overweight longshoreman †¦ where the open sea begins.† He has genuinely been a loving guardian to Catherine and when necessary he has gone looking for work in Hoboken, Staten Island and so on.  Eddie’s jealousy over his attractive young niece Catherine seems to be more powerful than his love for Beatrice and his sense of honor as a Sicilian American. Miller uses characterisation, symbolism and plot to show how Eddie’s dark side gradually causes his death. In the beginning of the play, Eddie’s relationship with Catherine is like a father and a daughter which will eventually change to a man and woman’s relationship. These stages are usually small incidents but each of them develops a new point to the relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Character analysis of Eddie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Character analysis of Eddie specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Character analysis of Eddie specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Act One, when Eddie enters the house, he finds Catherine all dressed up and in a new style. His eyes â€Å"enveloping† her tells Catherine that she looks pretty and looks â€Å"like one of them girls that went to college.† This suggests that his interest in her is more than paternal. He adds that the skirt is a bit too short â€Å"but you gotta sit down sometimes†. Catherine disagrees with him and finds the skirt perfectly fine. Eddie is the alpha male in the house and tries to be in control of Catherine â€Å"Catherine, I don’t want to be a pest, but I’m telling you, you’re walking wavy†. Catherine is trying to be like any other girl however Eddie is not willing to let her do this â€Å"you ain’t all the girls† and stops her from growing up into sexually attractive, independent adult. By repeating accusations of â€Å"walking wavy† and drawing men’s attention, Eddie describes his own feelings: she gives him â€Å"the willies† and â€Å"aggravates† him. He is being protective certainly, but it is something that disturbs him emotionally. He calls her â€Å"Madonna type†: trying to impose traditional values of chastity and modesty in a modern culture where short skirts and high heels are the style now and flaunting femininity and sexuality is not frowned upon. Eddie’s determination is fixated on an impossible and unrealistic goal: to keep Catherine in the role that he has envisioned for her as a â€Å"Madonna never counting on the fact that she† would ever grow up. Eddie reminds Catherine of the promise he has made to her mother on her deathbed. Eddie says, â€Å"Katie I promised your mother on her deathbed. I’m responsible for you. You’re a baby†.  Eddie still thinks of Catherine as a baby â€Å"You’re a baby† and this idea prevents Eddie from allowing Catherine to grow up. When Catherine tells Eddie that she was waving at Louis (Eddie’s friend), he gets overprotective and warns Catherine by telling her â€Å"Listen, I could tell you things about Louis which you wouldn’t wave at him no more†. He protects Catherine from marriage or any male relationship and wants her for himself. Before the arrival of Rodolpho and Marco, his absurdly overprotective attitude to Catherine and his non-existent sex life with Beatrice briefly surface as subjects for arguments. Later Eddie’s problem are summed up by Beatrice’s questions, â€Å"when am I gonna be a wife again?†, and (to Catherine) â€Å"was there ever any fella he liked for you?† .  When Catherine lights Eddie’s cigar in the living room, it gives him unusual pleasure. This possibly warm and affectionate act between niece and uncle has phallic suggestions. The arrival of Beatrice’s cousins, acts like catalyst, and fuel the rising action of this drama. When Beatrice’s cousins arrive Eddie attempts to be the man of the house and warns Beatrice and Catherine not to tell anyone about the two illegal immigrants, â€Å"It never comes out of your mouth who they are or what they’re doing here.† In addition he authorises an incident to Catherine about â€Å"Vinny† who snitched about his uncle who was an illegal immigrant to the immigration. He has been ousted by the communities ostracised for the rest of his life and regarded with scorn and contempt. A similar fate is inevitable for Eddie, who is prepared to give up his status in the community to make Rodolpho go back to Italy, as he sees that as the only option available to him. Once Eddie is aware that one of Beatrice’s cousins, Rodolpho, sings, cooks, makes dresses, he gets angry as for Eddie it is just bazaar behaviour for a man. Eddie is shocked of his feminine quality as it is completely against the concept of masculinity.  That’s first where he begins to niggle away at him and then he goes a little bit further where he thinks he is not a man at all, maybe he is homosexual and that he shouldn’t be with Catherine. He tries to show Catherine that Rodolpho is not the right guy for her as he notices that both of them are attracted to one another. Eddie kissing Rodolpho and then Catherine leads to a catastrophe. Eddie deludes himself into thinking that Rodolpho â€Å"Ain’t right† to justify his efforts to discredit him in front of Catherine and does not care about the effect this has on his marriage.

In answering all the questions the writer will Essay Example

In answering all the questions the writer will Essay Example In answering all the questions the writer will Essay In answering all the questions the writer will Essay To reply all the inquiries the author will place the issues involved, specifying and explicating them whilst using the legal issues to the instance scenario. The author later advises on possible liability and rights of the persons in all the instance scenarios. Case 4 ‘The race dealingss act ( RRA ) 1976andthe sex favoritism Acts of the Apostless ( SDA ) 1975and 1986 ( as amended from clip to clip ) criminal favoritism in employment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [ 1 ] .on evidences of sex, matrimonial position, coloring material, race, nationality of cultural or national beginnings: , in agreements made for the intent of make up ones minding who should be offered the occupation ; or in the footings on which the occupation is offered, ; or by declining or intentionally excluding to offer the occupation [ 2 ] . Improper favoritism includes every phase of employment including agreements for enlisting, advertizements and any other hurt as provided by theRRA 1976, s 4. InSaunders vCapital of virginia[ 3 ] it was held that a deprived individual can claim if put off because of the manner an interview is set up, the inquiries asked and being left off a short list. The author suggests that Alice may asseverate her rights in the same manner.Brennan V J. H. Dew Hurst ltd[ 4 ] supports this rule. Based on the above instances, Alice may be deemed to hold experienced favoritism on the footing of her sex at the interview phase, because of the inquiries asked about driving licences which- on the face of it- is deficient echt demand of employment as security occupations do non necessitate transit. Prejudiced advertizements are included in agreements for enlisting In Jane’s advert falls in this category.Exceptions to these regulations are ; echt occupational making or demand. An employer may enroll a adult male to a occupation where male sex is a echt occupational making. E.g. , patterning male apparels. If this could be proved in both Alice’ and Jane state of affairs, the employer may be justified. InSisley V Britannia security systems, -which is similar to Alice’ , ‘the defense mechanism of saving of decency was a good one and was moderately incidental to the women’s work that they should take their vesture during remainder periods’ [ 5 ] , butS7 ( 4 ) of the 1975act imposes a responsibility on employers to take sensible stairss to avoid trusting on these exclusions.Etam plc V European mountain ash[ 6 ] . There are two signifiers of favoritism harmonizing toSex Discrimination Act 1975 ( SDA ) ss 1 ( 1 ) ( a ) Race Relations Act ; RRA 1976, s 1 ( 1 ); ‘Direct occurs when an employer or prospective employer treats a individual less favorably than another on evidences of sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. , as where an employer refuses, on evidences of sex or race, to allow a appropriately qualified individual an interview for a job’ [ 7 ] .Coleman V skyrail pelagic ltd[ 8 ] ,Johnson v lumber Tailors( Midlands )[ 9 ] . Indirect favoritismoccurs where an employer applies demands to a occupation, but the ability of some individuals to follow because of sex, matrimonial position or race is well smaller and can non be justified. InPrice v the civil service committee[ 10 ] , the employment entreaty court decided that the age saloon was indirect favoritism against adult females.Bohon-mitchell V council of legal instruction[ 11 ] , this regulation was †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.discriminatory because the proportion of peoples non from the UK who could follow was well smaller than individuals who could. For indirect favoritism,s 1 ( 3 ) of EmploymenT Act 1989provides that†¦.the party claiming†¦..no favoritism must demo that the demand is justifiable. klenso may trust and would hold to turn out their averment [ 12 ] . The author is of the position that Klenso has breached the commissariats of the sex favoritism act by indirectly know aparting against both adult females, in the agreement phase of employment. The frock codification required to be worn by Jane is non a echt justifiable ground to know apart as most adult females do non have on ties with formal outfits. The advertizement may be illegal, may be condemnable offense, if found, Klenso would confront magistrates and fines.. In alice’ instance, it is non echt demand for a security individual to hold a driver’s license and it appears that there is favoritism if her statistics are right. If klenso is found apt for prejudiced practises, they would hold breached these statutory commissariats which would entitle both adult females to redresss such as uncapped compensation, recommendation and mention. Case 1 A particular declaration is needed [ 13 ] to alter the articles of association, and to take managers. It is passed by a bulk of three quarters or more of the members entitled to vote and may make so at a general meeting of which notice of 21days [ 14 ] has been given saying purpose to do particular declaration, after which a transcript is sent to the registrar [ 15 ] . Moneymen Inc. May seek to alter the articles by following this demand but must bear in head the rights of minority portion holders in so making. S.5 of the act states that holders of 15percent of the issued portions can use for cancellation of an change of the objects or articles. The minority stockholders of klenso still have a sum of 25 % of the rights and may seek to prosecute them in this mode if they do non accept to the particular declaration. They may make so by using to the tribunals who may call off this declaration or inquire the company to purchase out the dissentients. A transcript of the tribunal order must be given to the registrar within 15 yearss. Section 303 of the company Law states that a manager may be removed by ordinary declaration before his term of office expires, notwithstanding any proviso in the articles or any understanding. Particular notice is required of the purpose [ 16 ] ‘ to travel the declaration, which the company receives, usually through its secretary, at least 28days before the meeting at which it is to be moved. However, if after the day of the month of having the notice a meeting is called for a day of the month 28days or less after the notice has been given, the notice is regarded in jurisprudence as decently given even though it is non given within the clip required’ [ 17 ] . The company must so direct a transcript of the manager ( in this case, managers ) concerned [ 18 ] . They ( managers ) are allowed representations which may be read out at the meeting, where notice is late. They may talk about other issues. The statement must non be read out where the tribunals find that these rights are being abused. It should be noted that because of the being of such rights the written declaration process already referred to is non available as an option to the ordinary declaration required by s 303. The vacancy can be filled if the manager is removed at the meeting-provided the particular notice has been given in position of the freshly appointed manager. Under s.303 ( 5 ) a manager may transport out any action for dismissal. Money adult male inc. May seek to take both managers following these stairss or may suggest to purchase them out utilizing the company’s support. Moneyman may besides be cognizant of both directors’ minority shareholder’s rights to seek cancellation of these issues through the tribunals. The company secretary is advised to guarantee the notices are complied with. Case 5 A contract is an understanding that the jurisprudence may implement between two or more individuals, with purpose to make legal dealingss. A valid contract must hold an offer and an credence [ 19 ] . In our instance scenario, there has been an offer, a cross offer and it is to be decided whether there has been acceptance. An offer is an proclamation of a person’s willingness to come in into a contract [ 20 ] , and the tribunals must be satisfied that there has been an credence thenceforth, otherwise there is no contract. Credence must be unqualified and unconditioned. The issue to be resolved in this instance scenario is whether there has been acceptance since credence must be communicated. It is ill-defined whether Klenso has accepted the altered contract in this scenario. A counter offer is a rejection of the original offer and has the consequence of call offing the original offer. This was the instance when Oily altered the contract adding the new clause ; it was a counter offer which now requires Klenso’s credence. ‘InHyde V Wrench[ 21 ] †¦ The suspect did non see himself edge, and the claimant sued for specific public presentation, it was held that the claimant could non implement this ‘acceptance’ because his counter offer of 950 was an implied rejection of the original offer†¦..’ [ 22 ] . InStevenson VMcLean[ 23 ] , the claimants had accepted the offer before the defendant’s annulment had been communicated to them, so that the offer was still unfastened when the claimants accepted it. Exchange of footings may go on until an act by either party may go credence of the other’s footings, this rule was founded inButler Machine Tool Co. Ltd v Ex-Cell-O corporation[ 24 ] .Klenso’s signature of the contract could hold been acceptance, but for communicating. InFelthouse V Bindley[ 25 ] An credence is non effectual until it is communicated, silence is non acceptance. Klenso’s silence may non be construed as credence. InTinn V Hoffman[ 26 ] , the inquiry was ‘is communicating of cross offers a contract? ’ , but the tribunal decided against it. It is still open but possible to accept that a contract could come into being, where it appears both parties have intent to make a lawfully binding understandingon the same footing. This is barely the instance in our scenario but is an issue for the tribunals to decide On the face of it, there may be a valid contract where other footings are concerned but non with the extra clauses. If the tribunals find that there is a contract, Klenso would hold to maintain their portion of the six month expiration notice required, as agreed, otherwise there is a breach. The author suggests that there is no contract, as credence was non communicated. Klenso may take to take their concern elsewhere as they are non bound by the footings of cancellation and silence is non acceptance. Bibliography Books J.Bowers, A practical attack to employment Law, 7th edition, Oxford university imperativeness, New york,2005 D.Keenan, Smith and Keenan’s Law for concern, Thirteenth edition, Pearson Longman, Essex, 2006. P.Chandler, Waud s Employment Law: The Practical Guide for Human Resource 14Thursdayedition G.Duddington John, Employment jurisprudence, Pearson Education, 2003 T. Gould,Unfair dismissal: a usher to relevant instance jurisprudence. 25th erectile dysfunction. London: LexisNexis Butterworth J.Bowers, A practical attack to employment Law, 7th edition, Oxford university imperativeness, New York, 2005 H.Beale, Contract Law, Hart Publishing, 2002 Journal articles G.Guinan, G. Do dismissals by the book. People Management.Vol 13, No 18, 6 September. p22 Vorste, G. School staff sacked for binding up pupil in schoolroom, published 15 February 2008 14:24 4 Sep 2007 Response to Consultation: Discrimination Law Review: A Framework for Fairness: Proposals for a Single Equality Bill for Great Britain Consultations Internet resources Writer unknown, Previous misconduct counts in dismissal determinations, viewed on 18 February 2008 11:00 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personneltoday.com/articles/2008/02/18/44427/case-of-the-week-previous-misconduct-counts-in-dismissal-decisions.html Lexis Nexis, Company Law Forum Questions Looking for Answers, viewed on February 23 2008, printed on 29 January 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.companylawforum.co.uk/ Stephen Barc, Lexis Nexis, Application of Companies Act 2006 to LLPs, viewed 26 02 08, hypertext transfer protocol: //www, companylaw forum.co.uk/ Lexis Nexis, Tolley’s Company Law Handbook,15ThursdayEdition, Thursday 24 January 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.berr.gov.uk/employment/employment-legislation/employment-guidance/page16161.html

No topic just 4 questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No topic just 4 questions - Research Paper Example The democratic approach to peace involves considering the rights of the people. When the rights such the right to life, movement and speech are limited leads to suffering. Democracy gives equal chances to the warring communities to exercise their rights. Once the rights are observed, they will stop fighting. In peaceful settlement, it involves dialogue and agreement over issues causing the commotion between the warring ethnic groups. The method of conflict settlement can be the most appropriate because there is no usage of excessive force. The excessive force cause more harm The liberal will employ two methods to settle the conflict. They will use military and economic policies. In the military aspects they will force the two ethnic groups to stop and surrender their weapon. Failure to do so, they will be forced by the, military to surrender forcefully. The economic policies involve widening the dependency between the poor and the rich for the poor to continuously depend on the rich. They will threaten the warring nation with economic sanction in which they have to comply. Failure to compliance leads to total withdrawal of the support. In conclusion, the two aspects of conflict settlement: realist and liberal have the advantages over the other. The liberal is more forceful than the realist. It can be used in few cases as compared to the realism that is harmless and observe human

Reviewing Healthcare system in AbuDhabi Research Paper

Reviewing Healthcare system in AbuDhabi - Research Paper Example Since the establishment of UAE as an independent state in 1971, the president and founder of the state, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, had put forward his vision to establish quality healthcare services and centres for the community. UAE, as a resource rich nation, has never faced financial issues in maintaining high standards of healthcare services. The public healthcare services are managed and administered by various authorities and regularity bodies in UAE. However, among them, The Ministry of Health Authority-Abu Dhabi (HAAD), Emirates Health Authority (EHA) and Dubai Health Authority (DHA), are the primary authorities (Koornneefa, Robbena, Seiari d, e & Siksekf, 2012). The healthcare standard is extremely high in the country and therefore, the government spending in the sector has also been high. The total expenditure by the government in this sector from 1993 to 2003 was around $436 million. The World Health Organisation (WHO) stated that in the year 2004, the healthcare s egment of the country constituted of 2.9 percent of the gross domestic product. It was identified that cardiovascular diseases were the major reason of death in the country and accounted for 28 percent of deaths. Other major causes of diseases and deaths are congenital abnormalities, injuries, accidents and malignancies. According to World Bank, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are considered to be the 3rd and 2nd most admired medical destinations in this region, apart from Jordon (Koornneefa, Robbena, Seiari d, e & Siksekf, 2012). High-quality medical facilities and doctors are available in UAE. Due to the high percentage of expats, foreign medical staffs and doctors are available in the country. This also prevents difficulties for the tourists from the western countries in any treatment proceedings. The most contemporary hospital in UAE is the Rashid Hospital, which is in Dubai. The country also has excellent maternal hospitals where all the deliveries are done by highly trained doctors and me dical professionals. Polio has been eliminated completely from the country (Koornneefa, Robbena, Seiari d, e & Siksekf, 2012). There are more than 40 public hospitals in UAE and in Abu Dhabi; there are 57 health centres, 3 maternal hospitals, 3 specialised dental centrals, 5 rehab centres and 13 private hospitals, managed by the government body called SEHA. However, there are more private healthcare centres and hospitals compared to the government sponsored ones (Westway, Rheeder, Van Zyl & Seager, 2003). Research Aim and Objectives The aim of this research study is to discuss about the healthcare system of UAE, with prime focus on Abu Dhabi. Healthcare sector in the country is quite significant and has been strongly established, managed and administered by the government and other regulatory bodies. With this aim, certain objectives for the study have been developed: To analyse the position and condition of the healthcare sector in UAE as a whole. To analyse the different regulator y bodies and their role in the healthcare se

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example The price-based strategy is further divided into two strategies, one is the no frill strategy and the next is low price strategy. The ‘no frill’ strategy is a combination of low price, a low perceived product and also services and focus on the price sensitive segment. In the case of low price strategy, it seeks to achieve lower price as compared to its competitors and at the same time try to maintain a similar product to those of that of its competitors. If a business unit decides to achieve a competitive advantage through a low price strategy, it gets an option of two choices, firstly to identify and focus on a segment which is unattractive in the eyes of the competitors and in a way avoid the competition and secondly competition based on pricing. The next strategic choice is the differentiation strategy which aims to provide products the offers which tends to benefits differently from that of its competitors and which is valued by its customers. The main aim is to achieve a competitive advantage by adopting the differentiation approach. Differentiation approach can be attained either through hybrid strategy or focus strategy. In hybrid strategy, the firm simultaneously seeks to achieve differentiation and also a price lower than its competitors. In focus strategy, it tends to provide a high perceived product which benefits a premium price for a niche market segment (Johnson 2008, p. 245-251). Toyota the largest manufacturing company in the world has adopted the hybrid strategy.

Self Evaluation of Geography Education

Self Evaluation of Geography Education In Geography I learned a lot about other parts of the world and how they are different from the place that we live in now. One of the best things I learned in Geography was about Mexico, not only because my family is from there but also because I like to learned about where I came from. Some of the things I learned was that as a Mexican we like to protect our selfs from the outside world. Most Mexicans homes have a wall like structure around there home to keep bad people out, since Mexico is known to be very dangerous. Unlike Mexico the US homes like to show their house as a sign of success or to show off their richness to other people. Taking Geography also helped me a lot with my writing and annotating, since mostly all we do is read and write essays. It helped me understand stories a lot more since now I know to look up a word that I dont understand or to underline key words that can help me better understand the story later on. Annotating is not only helpful but It can also make work a lot easier once it comes to writing a paper, because writing an essay on an article that u cant even understand is never easy. I learned a lot about other countries and how their lives are different than ours. I learned about Mexico, Argentina, El Salvador, and China. One article that I also thought was really interesting was about Argentina. Its very fascinating to me how Argentina has some of the greatest and best resources in the world and yet they are still a failing country. The problem was that people were not getting payed enough and had low wages which then led to millions of people quitting their job which then caused businesses to fail since they had no one who can work for them. Self-Evaluations have helped me a lot also, not only to keep track but it also helped me understand things I didnt know too well. If I didnt understand something I would write it on the back of the self-evaluation where later on I can better understand what it meant. Also I feel like the Class discussions were very helpful, since sometimes I wouldnt understand some things that we were reading. Overall the self-evaluation was very helpful to keep on track and to make sure we have everything we need to get a good grade. I feel like World Geography has also helped people be more confident. I have seen people talking to each other who dont normally talk or Ive seen the shy people get a lot more confident and become part of our class discussions. I feel like the communication has gotten a lot better throughout the class. This class has also brought us a lot closer to each other since we usually need other peoples help to get through the class. Geography also helped me with understanding articles better since it showed me that I always need to go back and reread the article to get a better understanding of it and even to understand some words that may be confusing. Also something I learned is that many counties until this day prefer river transportation than car transportation just because you could save a lot of money on gas but also because it is a lot better for the environment and can be even faster since there are no stops. Many countries struggle with this problem because sometimes they dont have access to a river or ocean, or even sometimes the rivers are not deep enough for ships to travel through them. When a country has no access to river or ocean it is a lot more expensive for them to transport good and make any profit out of it, many countries fail because of this problem. In conclusion I feel like world geography had helped me a lot in many ways. It helped me understand articles better by annotating them but it has also taught me a lot about of countries and the problems that they are facing until this day. Also I feel like this class has brought together a lot of people and also made people a lot more confident with their work since people who didnt talk at the beginning of the year are now talking a lot more.

Moyers vs. Frontline :: essays research papers

Moyers Vs. Frontline   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The difference between the Frontline video and the Moyers video is mainly that the Moyers video deals with normative ethics and the Frontline video deals with discriptive ethics. The Frontline video frightenly describes how George Walker bush came to develope the principles and values which guide his policy making. The Moyers video, on the other hand, dealt with how Sister Joan felt about the president's policies, and what she hoped the conservative Christian right would do to become more succinct with gospel teachings. Both sides have elements of both normative and discriptive ethics, but for the most part, they are polar in motivation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Moyers video gives a rather surprising account of the Bush policies from the perspective of a very politically active Catholic nun. Sister Joan criticizes the president for everything from his policies on Iraq to the conservative view on abortion. Sister Joan poigniantly displays Bush as an egotistical, confused absolutist who's own agenda is the only one he relies on. Not that Sister Joan is wrong, but the Moyers video paints him not as coniving, but as misguided. At the end of the Moyers video, one has a sense that he truly believes what he's doing is right. When he makes the comment as governor, that God wants him to be president, I think he really believes it. To make a statement like that isn't just meglomania, it's political suicide...unless you actually believe it and happen to be a member of a faith that believes God does things like pick presidents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The president's interest in faith-based initiatives, is perhaps best contrasted against Sister Joan's response to the Conservative pro-life argument. Bush went against the constitution to allow religious institutions to recieve federal aid for community service programs, without being subjected to federal regulations. Nowhere, however, did he mention what faith would get the most funding. Bush had stated earlier that he didn't believe you were going to heaven without Jesus. He then showed an obvious favortism towards Christianity when speaking about the new programs in the public forum. If this continues, he will no doubt use his faith over the constitution to begin taking away the rightsof citizens. One of the areas in jeapardy is the women's right to privacy. Sister Joan uses the best response I've heard to the conservative argument I've heard in a

Religion and Ethnic Diversity

Religion is something that many people around the world practice. There are many different types of religion and each religion have their own beliefs and practices. I wanted to learn more about Jehovah’s Witnesses; this is a religion that I am unfamiliar with. Jehovah’s Witnesses consider themselves to be Christian, they base their practices and beliefs on their own translation and meaning of the Bible (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Jehovah’s Witnesses call themselves this because God’s name is Jehovah; they feel it is only right to call him by his name.A witness is a person who proclaims views or truths of which he is convinced; thus Jehovah’s Witnesses designates them as a group of Christians who proclaim the truth about Jehovah. Jehovah Witnesses have very different beliefs than other people who consider themselves Christians. Jehovah Witnesses do not celebrate certain holidays; Christmas and Easter are two of the mo st common holidays celebrated by other religious groups who consider themselves as Christians.According to Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (2013), Jesus Christ commanded that we commemorate his death, not his resurrection or his birth. They also believe that there is no record of when Jesus was born and that Christmas was derived from Pagan religion and tradition and adopted by other religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Easter is to be considered a holiday not of God, and that by other Christians celebrating Easter they are offending God.According to Jehovah Witnesses beliefs Easter has to do with ancient fertility rites and the worship of the Sun and all the new life it can bring religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). According to many religions involving Christianity, the Cross is a universal symbol used to identify their faith and Christianity. Jehovah’s witnesses believe that this does n ot symbolize a person’s faith or loyalty to God but, the cross is merely a created thing and that you can only show your love for God through self-sacrificing love, and that is the only true way to identify oneself as a follower of God.Jehovah’s Witnesses do not share the same beliefs as other religions that consider themselves Christian however, they do not disrespect other religions, and instead they try and educate people about their religion and beliefs hoping to show other people what they believe the correct way to follow God and his ways. Jehovah’s Witnesses that are baptized in this religion are required to follow the rules and beliefs and if they stray from those beliefs they could be shunned or dishonored from the religion and its followers.Jehovah’s Witnesses claim that all preachers and leaders of the congregation are all volunteers and any finances come out of their own pockets. Jehovah Witnesses believe that other religions perceive them as a cult or a group broken away from a religion. They perceive themselves as a religious group re-establishing the form of Christianity that was formed in the first century. They are very adamant that their teachings derive from the Bible itself and not any one person (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013).Jehovah’s Witnesses have contributed to American culture in a couple different ways, one being through disaster relief. Their assistance in disaster relief has helped both those of their religion and those not of their religion but, they take care of those within their faith/religion first. Jehovah’s Witnesses also played a big role in religious freedoms. For example, children saluting the flag in the classroom; Jehovah’s Witnesses brought a case to the Supreme Court stating that it violated First Amendment Rights (Burroughs, 2008-2013). Another way that Jehovah’s Witnesses has contributed to American culture is through the medical fi eld.Jehovah Witnesses cannot accept blood transfusions, so a Pennsylvania hospitals found ways to offer bloodless surgeries and procedures to Jehovah’s Witnesses; they have been doing this for over fifteen years. It is because of this and all the upgraded and growing technology that hospitals are able to offer bloodless surgeries to the public as well (Burroughs, 2008-2013). I have learned a great deal by researching and gathering information about Jehovah’s Witnesses. I realize that people that follow this religion are just practicing what they believe in and how they perceive the way that their God wants them to live their lives.I may not agree with some of their beliefs or practices but, it is not my religion and I respect their decisions to follow their faith how they choose. Hispanics and Latinos make up a large portion of America today. According to the United States Census Bureau, in the year 2010, sixteen percent of all Americans were of Hispanic or Latino dece nt (Ennis, Rios-Vargas, & Albert, 2011), so this race/ethnicity is definitely adding to American culture and way of life. Heritage has the same meaning no matter what your race or ethnicity; heritage refers to the customs and traditions that are handed down from generation to generation.Hispanics and Latinos speak a language called Spanish, not all do but, majority know how to speak, read and write in Spanish. Hispanics and Latinos are known for some most excellent tasting foods, this is part of their heritage. Their food is known for its robust flavors and for being spicy. Common foods that Hispanics and Latinos are known for are dishes like; moles (pronounced moh-lay), tamales, tortillas and carna asada to name a few. Unlike other races or ethnicities, Hispanic and Latinos are known for their elaborate celebrations.They like to celebrate major life events, and they do so very elegantly with bright colors, music and dancing. It is very common at Hispanic/Latino celebration to see M ariachi’s; these are dancers and musicians playing Mexican folklore music and having dancers in native bright colorful dresses. It really is quite beautiful to see and hear. Other things that Hispanics and Latinos have brought to American culture are things like crafts, such as terra cotta pots or planter and sculptures and also pinatas, a paper mache decoration that hold candies and toys.Hispanics and Latinos have added a so much to American culture not only with their traditions but also with their religious beliefs. Hispanics and Latinos are very religious, majority share the religion of Catholic. The main celebrations of Hispanic religion are: Lent called, Cuaresma; Holy Week called, Semana Santa; Christmas called, La Navidad; Three Kings Day or Los Tres Reyes Magos. Some Americans and other races/ethnicities also share and celebrate these holidays as well. Hispanics and Latinos have had a very difficult road with migration to American. They often run across difficulties with regard to discrimination and prejudice.Many Americans believe that Hispanics and Latinos have taken away jobs and that they have sought American government aid that should be only available to American citizens. Still today Hispanics and Latinos endure discrimination and prejudice. Some discriminate or are prejudice against them because of their skin color, the language they speak and because they have large families. Other reasons they are discriminated against them is through employment, some feel it is okay to pay Hispanics or Latinos smaller wages; especially if they are in the country illegally, people degrade them and pay them little amounts of money for labor/work.

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding Under the persecution and terror of the Third Reich, Jewish children could not afford simple, childlike pleasures. Though the seriousness of their every action may not have been known in absolutes to them, they lived in a realm of cautiousness and distrust. They were forced to wear the yellow badge, forced out of school, taunted and attacked by others their age, and disallowed from parks and other public places. Some Jewish children went into hiding to escape the increasing persecution and, most importantly, the deportations. Although the most famous example of children in hiding is the story of Anne Frank, every child in hiding had a different experience. There were two main forms of hiding. The first was physical hiding, where children physically hid in an annex, attic, cabinet, etc. The second form of hiding was pretending to be Gentile. Physical Hiding Physical hiding represented an attempt to hide ones complete existence from the outside world.   Location: A place to hide had to be found. Through family and friends, information spread through a network of acquaintances. Someone might offer to hide the family for free, others might ask a price. The size, comfort, and security of hiding places varied tremendously. I dont know how the contact was arranged, but there we stayed in what was actually a cabinet, only sixty or seventy centimeters wide. The length of it would have been a couple of meters, because we could all lie on top of each other comfortably. My parents couldnt stand, but I could, and I sort of walked between them. This cabinet was in a cellar, so it was well hidden. Our presence there was so secret, not even the children of the hiding family knew that we were there. That was where we stayed for thirteen months!-Richard Rozen, six years old when went into hiding Children were most often not told about the presence of the hiding place in advance. The location of the hiding place had to remain an absolute secret the ir lives depended on it.Then would come the day to finally move into their hiding place. For some, this day was preplanned; for others, this day was the day they heard word about impending harm or deportation. As nonchalantly as possible, the family would pack a few remaining, important items and leave their home. Daily Life: Each day, these children woke up, knowing that they must be extremely quiet, must move slowly, and that they would not be allowed to leave the confinement of their hiding place. Many of these children would go months, even years, without seeing daylight. In some instances, their parents would make them do a few indoor exercises and stretches to keep their muscles active. In hiding, children had to remain absolutely quiet. Not only was there no running, there was no talking or laughing, no walking, and even no flushing the toilets (or dumping the chamber pots). To keep busy, many children would read (sometimes they read the same couple of books over and over because they didnt have access to any new ones), draw (though the supply of paper was not plentiful), listen to stories, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.  Fear: In bunkers (hiding places within ghettoes) the fear of Nazi capture was very great. Jews hid in their hiding places when they were ordered for deportation. Nazis would go from house to house in search of any Jews that were hiding.   The Nazis looked in each house, looked for fake doors, fake walls, mats covering an opening.   When we got to the loft, we found it crowded and the people very tense. There was one young woman trying to comfort an infant who was crying. It was just a tiny baby, but he wouldnt go to sleep, and she couldnt stop him from crying. Finally, she was given a choice by the other adults: Take your crying baby and leave or kill the infant. She smothered it. I dont remember if the mother cried, but you didnt have the luxury of weeping. Life was so precious and so cheap at the same time. You did what you could to save yourself.-Kim Fendrick, six years old when went into hiding Food and Water: Though the families brought some food and provisions with them, no family was prepared to stay in hiding for several years. They soon ran out of food and water. It was difficult to get additional food since most people were on rations. Some families would send one member out at night in the hopes of catching something. Fetching fresh water was also not easy. Some people couldnt take the stench and the darkness, so they left, but ten of us remained in that sewer - for fourteen months! During that time we never went outside or saw daylight. We lived with webs and moss hanging on the wall. The river not only smelled terrible but also it was full of diseases. We got dysentery, and I remember Pavel and I were sick with unrelenting diarrhea. There was only enough clean water for each of us to have half a cup a day. My parents didnt even drink theirs; they gave it to Pavel and me so that we wouldnt die from dehydration.  -Dr. Kristine Keren, Lack of water became a problem for other reasons too. With no access to a regular supply of water, there was no water to bathe in. Opportunities to wash ones clothes became few and far between. Lice and diseases were rampant. Even though I wasnt eating much, I was being eaten unbelievably. The lice down there were very bold. They would walk out onto my face. Everywhere I put my hand, there was another one. Fortunately, Rosia had a pair of scissors an cut off all my hair. There were body lice too. They would lay eggs in the seams of our clothing. For the whole six or seven months, I was down there in the hole, the only real fun I had was cracking the nits with my thumbnail. It was the only way in which I had even the slightest control over what was going on in my life.-Lola Kaufman, seven years old when went into hiding Sickness and Death: Being completely secluded also had many other problems. If someone got sick, they could not be taken to a doctor, nor could one be brought to them. Children suffered through many maladies that could have been tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine. But what happened if someone did not survive the illness? If you did not exist, then how could there be a body? One year after Selma Goldstein and her parents went into hiding, her father died. The problem was how to get him out of the house, Goldstein recalled. The people next door and the family across the road were Dutch Nazis. So my father was sewn into a bed and the neighbors were told that the bed had to be cleaned. The bed was carried out of the house with my father in it. Then it was brought to a country estate out of town where a good policeman stood guard while my father was buried. For Goldstein, the normal process of mourning the death of her father was replaced by the horrible dilemma of how to get rid of his body. Arrest and Deportation: Though daily life and the problems they encountered were difficult to deal with, the real fear was being found. Sometimes the owners of the house they were staying in would be arrested. Sometimes there was information passed that their hiding place was known; thus, the need to evacuate immediately. Because of these situations, Jews often moved hiding places relatively frequently. Sometimes, though, as with  Anne Frank and her family,  the Nazis discovered the hiding place - and they were not warned. When discovered, adults and children were deported to the camps. Hidden Identities Just about everyone has heard of Anne Frank. But have you heard of Jankele Kuperblum, Piotr Kuncewicz, Jan Kochanski, Franek Zielinski, or Jack Kuper? Probably not. Actually, they were all the same person. Instead of hiding physically, some children lived within society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide their Jewish ancestry. The example above actually represents only one child who became these separate identities as he transversed the countryside pretending to be Gentile. The children who hid their identity had a variety of experiences and lived in various situations.   Varied Experiences: Some children stayed with their parents or just their mother and lived among Gentiles with their host not knowing their true identity. Some children were left alone in convents or among families. Some children wandered from village to village as a farmhand. But no matter what the circumstances, all these children shared the need to hide their Jewishness.Children Who Could Hide Their Identity: The people that hid these children wanted children that would be the least risk to them. Thus, young children, especially young girls, were the most easily placed. Youth  was favored because the childs past life was short, thus did not greatly guide their identity. Young children were not likely to slip up or leak information about their Jewishness. Also, these children more easily adapted to their new homes. Girls were more easily placed, not because of a better temperament, but because they lacked the tell-tale sign that boys carried - a circumcised penis. No amount of wo rds or documents could cover or excuse this if it were discovered. Because of this risk, some young boys that were forced to hide their identity were dressed up as girls. Not only did they lose their name and background, they also lost their gender. My fictional name was Marysia Ulecki. I was supposed to be a distant cousin of the people who were keeping my mother and me. The physical part was easy. After a couple of years in hiding with no haircuts, my hair was very long. The big problem was language. In Polish when a boy says a certain word, its one way, but when a girl says the same word, you change one or two letters. My mother spent a lot of time teaching me to speak and walk and act like a girl. It was a lot to learn, but the task was simplified slightly by the fact that I was supposed to be a little bit backward. They didnt risk taking me to school, but they took me to church. I remember some kid tried to flirt with me, but the lady we were living with told him not to bother with me because I was retarded. After that, the kids left me alone except to make fun of me. In order to go to the bathroom like a girl, I had to practice. It wasnt easy! Quite often I used to come back with wet shoes. But since I was supposed to be a little backward, wetting my shoes made my act all the more convincing. -Richard Rozen Continually Tested: To hide amongst Gentiles by pretending to be Gentile took courage, strength, and determination. Every day these children came upon situations in which their identity was tested. If their real name was Anne, they had better not turn their head if that name were called. Also, what if someone were to recognize them or question their supposed familial relationship with their host? There were many Jewish adults and children who could never attempt to hide their identity within society because of their outward appearance or their voice sounded stereotypically Jewish. Others whose outward appearance did not bring them into  question  had to be careful of their language and of their movements.Going to Church: To  appear  Gentile, many children had to go to church. Having never been to church, these children had to find ways to cover for their lack of knowledge. Many children tried to fit into this new role my mimicking others. We had to live and behave like Christians. I was expected to go to confession because I was old enough to have already had my first communion. I didnt have the slightest idea what to do, but I found a way to handle it. Id made friends with some Ukrainian children, and I said to one girl, Tell me how to go to confession in Ukrainian and Ill tell you how we do it in Polish. So she told me what to do and what to say. Then she said, Well, how do you do it in Polish? I said, Its exactly the same, but you speak Polish. I got away with that and I went to confession. My problem was that I couldnt bring myself to lie to a priest. I told him it was my first confession. I didnt realize at the time that girls had to wear white dresses and be part of a special ceremony when making their first communion. The priest either didnt pay attention to what I said or else he was a wonderful man, but he didnt give me away.-Rosa Sirota After the War For the children and for many survivors, liberation did not mean the end of their suffering.   Very young children, that were hidden within families, knew nor remembered anything about their real or biological families. Many had been babies when they first entered their new homes. Many of their real families did not come back after the war. But for some  their real families were strangers. Sometimes, the host family was not willing to give up these children after the war. A few organizations were established to kidnap the Jewish children and give them back to their real families. Some host families, though sorry to see the young child go, kept in contact with the children. After the war, many of these children had conflicts adapting to their true identity. Many had been acting Catholic for so long that they had trouble grasping their Jewish ancestry. These children were the survivors and the future - yet they did not identify with being Jewish. How often they must have heard, But you were only a child - how much could it have affected you?How often they must have felt, Though I suffered, how can I be considered a victim or a survivor compared to those who were in the camps?How often they must have cried, When will it be over?

Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Essays

Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Essays Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Essay Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Essay Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Tonia Tolliver, Suany Gonzalez, Teresa Powell, Victor Estrada, and Tracy Harriss FIN/370 November 8th, 2010 Joe Brennan Caladonia Products Integrative Problem Every new employee is faced with the challenge of proving him or herself before being trusted to complete a task on his or her own without supervision. The new financial analyst at Caladonia has been employed for two months and has proven to be a wise hiring decision based on the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) view however he is still hesitant to give the assistant any large responsibilities without supervision. The CEO has tasked the assistant with both the calculation of the cash flows associated with a new investment under consideration and the evaluation of several mutually exclusive projects (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). The lack of experience on the assistants part has also lead to the CEO requesting not only that the assistant provide a recommendation but also to respond to a number of questions aimed at judging the assistants understanding of the capital budgeting process (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). Financial Assistants Assignment The financial assistant received the important assignment by memorandum from the CEO. The memorandum stated that the company is considering the introduction of a new product (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). Caradonia is currently at a 34% marginal tax bracket with a 15% required rate of return or cost of capital (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). The new project is estimated to last five years and then be terminated because of being a fad project (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). The financial assistant must analyze two mutually exclusive projects. Each project has an 11% rate of return and a life span of five years (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). The following table (table one) shows the expected cash flows for each project. Table One Estimated Cash Flows of Caldonia Products Project A and Project B Year |Project A |Project B | |0 |-$100,000 |-$100,000 | |1 |$32,000 |0 | |2 |$32,000 |0 | |3 |$32,000 |0 | |4 |$32,000 |0 | |5 |$32,000 |$200,000 | Questions to Answer The financial analyst has been tasked with answering five questions. 1. What is each projects payback period? 2. What is each projects net present value? 3. What is each projects internal rate of return? 4. What has caused the ranking conflict? 5. Which project should be accepted? Why? Answers to Questions Question One – Payback Period Project A. T he payback period for Project A is 3. 125 years. To calculate the payback period for project A, the analyst used the following formula: 3+ (100,000/32,000) = 3. 125 Project B. The payback period for Project B is 4. 5 years. To calculate the payback period for project B, the analyst used the following formula: 4+ (100,000/200,000) = 4. 500 Based on the payback periods, the assistant determined that Project B assumes even cash flow throughout year 5. Question Two – Net Present Value Project A. Each of the cash inflows are discounted back to the present value. The Net Present Value is the sum of the present values. [pic] t The time of the cash flow (5 years) i The discount rate (11%) Rt The net cash flow (-$100,000, $32,000, $32,000, $32,000, $32,000, $32,000) amount of cash, inflow minus outflow) at time t. NPV- Project A | | | | |Year |Cash Flow |PV Factor @ 11% |PV | |0 |($100,000) |1 |($100,000) | |1 |$32,000 |0. 9009 |$28,829 | |2 |$32,000 |0. 8116 |$25,972 | |3 |$32,000 |0. 7312 |$23,398 | |4 |$32,000 |0. 587 |$21,079 | |5 |$32,000 |0. 5935 |$18,990 | |NPV- Project A |$18,268. 70 | | | Project B. Each of the cash inflows are discoun ted back to the present value. The Net Present Value is the sum of the present values. [pic] t The time of the cash flow (5 years) i The discount rate (11%) Rt The net cash flow (-$100,000, $0, $0, $0, $0, $200,000) amount of cash, inflow minus outflow) at time t. NPV- Project B | | | | |Year |Cash Flow |PV Factor @ 11% |PV | |0 |($100,000) |1 |($100,000) | |1 |$0 |0. 9009 |$0 | |2 |$0 |0. 8116 |$0 | |3 |$0 |0. 312 |$0 | |4 |$0 |0. 6587 |$0 | |5 |$200,000 |0. 5935 |$118,690 | |NPV- Project B |$18,690. 27 | | | Question Three – Internal Rate of Return The internal rate of return measures and compares the profitability of investments. The formula for IRR is IRR = n ? FCFt = 10 t=1 (1+IRR)^t |Year |Project A |Project B | |0 ($100,000) |($100,000) | |1 |$32,000 |$0 | |2 |$32,000 |$0 | |3 |$32,000 |$0 | |4 |$32,000 |$0 | |5 |$32,000 |$200,000 | | | | | |IRR |18. 03% |14. 7% | Question Four – Cause of the Ranking Conflict The causes of the ranking conflict are the differi ng reinvestment assumptions made by Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of return. Net Present Value criteria assumes that cash flows over the life of the project can be reinvested at the required rate of return or cost of capital, whereas the Internal Rate of Return criterion implicitly assumes that the cash flows over the life of the project can be reinvested at the internal rate of return. Question Five – Which project should be accepted and why? Multiple factors should be considered before choosing which product that should be accepted. Those factors are the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV). Looking at Project B, it is possible to conclude that it is the more viable project because the internal rate of return is shorter. Though the net values shown between the two are very close monetarily, Project B can produce its value at a much shorter time span, meaning a business would be able to reap the benefits from Project B faster than if they went with Project A. The time difference is about a year and a half with a return rate of about three percent difference in the two projects. If Project A was chosen, it would take about twice as long to see the financial benefits than that of Project B. With this being the case, Project B is the better choice because of its larger NPV that is preferable when a business wants to see more timely capital gains. Factors of Consideration for Leasing and Buying Caladonia should consider several factors when deciding whether to lease or to buy. One important factor in the decision should be the net advantages of leasing (NAL). Advantages to leasing an asset can occur even if the net present value (NPV) for the purchase is negative ((Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). The cost savings a company may experience on a lease may offset the negative NPV of a purchase (Keown, Martin, Perry, Scott, 2005). To determine the NAL, Caladonia will calculate the net present value of the lease option and compare it to the NPV of purchasing the product. Based on this calculation, if the NAL is positive, the leasing option would be preferred, if the NAL is negative then the purchase option should be selected. In addition to NAL, Caladonia should consider options such as the possibility of selling the equipment at the end of the project and receiving cash that would not be available if the company chooses to lease the merchandise. Another factor to consider is if the company has the cash to purchase the item, and operating expenses that may exist in purchasing that would not be the if the item were leased. Conclusion The new financial assistant at Caladonia has been challenged to determine which of two mutually exclusive projects would be the best decision for the company. Both projects estimate a rate of return of 11% and an initial investment of $100,000. Through the assistants analysis of each projects payback period, net present value, internal rate of return the determination has been made to accept project B and reject project A. Project B has the largest Net Present Value. The Net Present Value makes the most acceptable assumptions for the wealth- maximizing of the firm. References Keown, A. J. , Martin, J. D. , Petty, J. W. , Scott, S. F. (2005). Financial management: Principles and applications (10th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Global business investment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global business investment - Coursework Example Because of this reason, exchange rates analyzed, watched and manipulated economic measures by the government. Exchange rates are also useful when examined on a smaller scale: they influence the real return of the portfolio of an investor. There are several factors that affect exchange rates. Before we examine these factors, it is important to look at how exchange rate affects the trading relationships between countries. A lower currency is considered to make exports of a country cheaper and imports expensive in the foreign markets. A higher currency is considered to make exports of a country expensive and imports cheaper in the foreign markets. Hence, a lower rate of exchange will increase the balance of trade of a country while a higher rate of exchange is expected to lower it. There are several factors that have influence on exchange rates, and they are associated with the trading relationship between countries on a global level known as internationalization or globalization (Hill 2012). It is significant to understand that exchange rates are expressed as a comparison of two currencies from two countries. It is also significant to understand that these factors cannot be discussed in a specific order; similar to numerous aspects of economics, the significance of these factors is usually subjected to discussion. The following are discussed determinants that influence exchange rate between countries. Exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation are all highly correlated. Central banks in manipulating interest rates can exert influence on both exchange rates and inflation, and altering interest rates influence currency and inflation values. Interest rates that are high offer lenders high return in an economy relative to other countries. For this reason, interest rates that are high attract a huge amount of foreign capital and result in a rise in the exchange rate. For instance, if the United Kingdom rates rise in relation to elsewhere, it becomes

Business Entrepreneurship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Theories supporting the role of hrm in emerging technologies Dissertation

Theories supporting the role of hrm in emerging technologies - Dissertation Example Institutional theory is somewhat akin to the role theory, which argues that individuals respond to normative pressures as they seek approval for their performance in socially defined roles (Chuler, Jackson and Luo, 2004, pp.15). Institutional theory likens organizations to the individual as they function as social entities that also look for legitimacy and social acceptance. Organizations, in this perspective, are expected to conform because this is the only way that they are recognized and approved – variables that support their survival in environments that have multiple constituencies that control their needed resources (Chuler, Jackson and Luo, pp.15). In applying the institutional theory, there are the cases of multinational corporations and the emergent internationalization of management. This theory is particularly significant in understanding the HRM practices of these organizations because of the view that socially constructed beliefs, rules and norms affect and exert influence over organizations and that, today, organizations (and their suborganizations) are under pressure to align their operations and adapt with their institutional environment (Stahl and Bjorkman, 2006, pp.463). Multinational companies are spread across locations with diverse environments. Institutional theory focuses on the variables that forces HRM practices to adapt to this condition. The institutional variables that exert influence over an organization and its employees come from the institutional factors both from the parent organization and the local environment in which its subsidiary operates. According to Stahl and Bjorkman (pp.465): In the local context, the labour laws and regulations restrict the range of possible HRM practices, local managers have taken-for-granted views about management practices that influences the policies and practices that they suggest for the subsidiary, strong local professional norms may exist, and processes of institutionalization might a lso take place among MNCs (multinational companies) in the local country. Hence, cultural-cognitive and normative institutional processes enfolding in the local context may play important roles in explaining HRM practices. Understandably, numerous studies that cite institutional theory and its relations with HRM practices were undertaken since the 1990s. The body of literature available today demonstrates how the theory supports the role and function of HR for modern organization. For instance, Walter Powell and Paul DiMaggio successfully demonstrated that organizations evolve because they are driven by coercive mechanisms, mimetic and normative forces. Their work argued that these pressures force organization to move to one direction, making them more alike in the process. On the other hand, Greenwood and Hinings used institutional theory to demonstrate the details that were lacking in Powell and DiMaggio’s work. Specifically, they addressed other variables such as the uniqu eness present in organizations as a result of diversity in interests as well as the role of human agency. What they were able to suggest was a condition wherein organizations are embedded in an institutional context. What this means is that institutional pressures such as organizational context, intra-organizational relationships and decision-making of individuals within the organization, makes change difficult. By proposing that organizations remove themselves from their respective institutional con

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Higher education in the USA Essay Faktorami, opredelyayuschimi yavlyaetsya li uchrezhdenie odnim iz luchshih, ili odnim iz menee prestizhnyh, yavlyayutsya: kachestvo obucheniya fakultetov, kachestvo oborudovaniya dlya issledovanij, uroven finansirovaniya bibliotek, specialnyh programm, i t. d. , a takzhe kompetentnost i chislo pretendentov na priem, to est naskolko dannoe uchrezhdenie svobodno v vybore studentov. Vse `eti faktory dopolnyayut drug druga. Voobsche v Soedinennyh SHtatah priznano, chto est bolee i menee predpochtitelnye uchrezhdeniya dlya obucheniya i polucheniya vysshego obrazovaniya. Bolee predpochtitelnye uchrezhdeniya obychno, no ne vsegda, yavlyayutsya bolee dorogostoyaschimi, i okonchanie odnogo iz nih mozhet prinesti znachitelnye preimuschestva, poskolku kazhdyj chelovek ischet vozmozhnost zanyatosti i socialnuyu podvizhnost v predelah obschestva. Konkurs na postuplenie v takoj kolledzh pobuzhdaet milliony starsheklassnikov sdavat SAT kazhdyj god. No nedavno akcent na vstupitelnyh `ekzamenah shiroko kritikovalsya v Soedinennyh SHtatah, potomu chto `ekzameny pozvolyayut opredelit kompetentnost v matematike i anglijskom yazyke. V zaschituispolzovaniya   `ekzamenov kak kriteriev pri postuplenii, rukovoditeli mnogih universitetov govoryat, chto ispolzovanie SAT pozvolyaet spravedlivo reshit, kogo prinyat, kogda imeetsya 10 ili 12 pretendentov na odno mesto. Mogut li kolledzhi i universitety Ameriki osnovyvatsya na ih rezultatah? Priblizitelno 12 millionov studentov v nastoyaschee vremya poseschayut shkoly vysshego obrazovaniya v Amerike. Oni studenty v obschestve, kotoroe verit v svyaz mezhdu obrazovaniem i demokratiej. Odnako, mnozhestvo amerikancev ne udovletvoreny sostoyaniem vysshego obrazovaniya v ih strane. Vozmozhno, naibolee shiroko rasprostranennoe nedovolstvo vyzyvaet uchebnyj plan kolledzha v celom i shirokij diapazon dopolnitelnyh zanyatij v chastnosti. V seredine 80-yh godov proshlogo veka Associaciya Amerikanskih Kolledzhej (AAC) vypustila doklad, v kotorom prizyvala k prepodavaniyu bazovoj chasti obschih znanij vsem studentam kolledzha. Nacionalnyj Institut Obrazovaniya (NIE) vypustil podobnyj zhe doklad- Uchastie v obuchenii. V svoem doklade NIE zaklyuchil, chto uchebnyj plan kolledzha stal chrezmerno professionalno-tehnicheskim i svyazannym s rabotoj. V nem takzhe preduprezhdaetsya, chto obrazovanie kolledzha bolshe ne mozhet razvivat v studentah razdelennye cennosti i znaniya, chto tradicionno svyazyvayut Amerikancev vmeste. Sereznoe obvinenie. Dejstvitelno li `eto tak? V nekotoroj stepeni na dannyj moment `eto vozmozhno. Konechno, nekotorye studenty zakanchivayut svoe obuchenie bez kursa po Zapadnoj Civilizacii, ne upominaya drugie mirovye kultury. Drugie ostavlyayut kolledzh, ne izuchiv nauku ili pravitelstvo. V otvet, mnogie kolledzhi nachali peresmatrivat osnovnoj uchebnyj plan, s kotorym vse studenty dolzhny spravlyatsya. `Eti problemy priznak togo, chto vysshee obrazovanie v Amerike menyaetsya, kak `eto imelo mesto vsegda v ego istorii. I, kak v proshlom, `eto izmenenie mozhet idti v neozhidannyh napravleniyah. Puritane osnovyvali kolledzhi, chtoby obuchat ministrov. No ih studenty proyavili sebya kak osnovopolozhniki pervoj v mire konstitucionnoj demokratii. Kolledzhi predostavleniya zemli byli osnovany, chtoby prepodavat selskoe hozyajstvo i proektirovanie stroitelyam Amerikanskogo Zapada. Segodnya, mnogie iz `etih kolledzhej yavlyayutsya veduschimi shkolami v nauchno-issledovatelskom mire. Amerikancy vsegda delali stavku na sozdanie sistemnoj raboty. Oni imeyut osobo veskie prichiny dlya vypolneniya `etogo v oblasti obrazovaniya. Lyudi v Soedinennyh SHtatah segodnya stalkivayutsya s vazhnymi voprosami: CHto yavlyaetsya nadlezhaschej rolyu Ameriki kak strany s samoj staroj v mire konstitucionnoj demokratiej; s samoj bolshoj `ekonomikoj; yavlyayuschejsya pervoj yadernoj derzhavoj? Amerikancy uvazhayut svoe pravo vyrazit mnenie po vsem `etim problemam. No lyudi Soedinennyh SHtatov takzhe gluboko osoznayut, chto takie problemy dolzhny rassmatrivatsya v komplekse. CHtoby prinimat uchastie v novyh voznikayuschih problemah, bolshinstvo amerikancev chuvstvuet, chto oni nuzhdayutsya vo vsej informacii, kotoruyu oni mogut poluchit. Kolledzhi i universitety naibolee vazhnye centry takogo izucheniya. I nezavisimo ot togo, chto mogut trebovatsya usovershenstvovaniya, ih buduschee polnostyu garantiruetsya amerikanskoj zhazhdoj progressa i horoshej informirovannosti. Fakticheski, sleduyuschej zadachej amerikanskogo obrazovaniya mozhet stat tendenciya dlya lyudej prodolzhit ih obrazovanie v kolledzhe dlya dalnejshej zhizni. Slovar. A Accept Prinimat Achieves Dostigat Accomplishment Vypolnenie Account Schet Adequate Adekvatnyj Admission Dopusk Admitted Dopuschennyj Advantage Preimuschestvo Agriculture Selskoe hozyajstvo. Amount Kolichestvo Applicant Pretendent Application Zayavlenie Association of American Colleges(AAC) Associaciya Amerikanskih Kolledzhej Available Dostupnyj Aware Znaya B Bachelors degree Stepen Bakalavra Be either Byt takzhe Beyond Vne Bond Obyazatelstvo C Certainly Konechno Community Soobschestvo Competition Sorevnovanie Competence Kompetentnost Complete Polnyj Comprise Vklyuchit Condition Uslovie(sostoyanie) Contain Soderzhat Conversely Naoborot Costly Dorogostoyaschij Criticized Kritikuemyj Currently V nastoyaschee vremya Curriculum Uchebnyj plan D. Demand Trebovanie Democracy Demokratiya Desirable ZHelatelnyj Determining Opredelenie Distinction Razlichie Duration Prodolzhitelnost E Elective Izbiratelnyj Emphasis Akcent Employment Zanyatost Equal prestige Ravnyj prestizh Excessively vocational and work-related CHrezmerno professionalno- tehnicheskij i svyazannyj s rabotoj Exist Suschestvovat G Graduate Diplomirovannyj specialist Government Pravitelstvo H Higher education Vysshee obrazovanie I Impression Vpechatlenie Independent Nezavisimyj Interviews Intervyu Issued Vypuschennyj L Lead Liderstvo. Majority Bolshinstvo Masters degree Stepen mastera Measure Mera Mention Upominanie Merely Prosto Might Mog by N National Institute of Education(NIE) Nacionalnyj Institut Obrazovaniya Nuclear power YAdernaya derzhava O Offer Predlozhenie Obtain Poluchit Opinions Mneniya Opportunities Vozmozhnosti Outstanding Vydayuschijsya P Painfully Gluboko Particular Specificheskij(osobennyj) Percent Procent Perhaps Vozmozhno Proper Nadlezhaschij Provide Obespechit Public Gosudarstvennyj(obschestvennyj) Puritans Puritane Private CHastnyj R Receive Poluchit. Recently Nedavno Recognized Priznannyj Recommendations Rekomendacii Regard Otnoshenie Reinforce Ukrepit Respect Uvazhenie S Satisfactory Udovletvoritelnyj Satisfied Udovletvorennyj Seek Iskat Similar Podobnyj Simply Prosto Scholars Uchenye Scientific research Nauchnoe issledovanie Social mobility Socialnaya mobilnost Success Uspeh T Traditional bind Tradicionno svyazyvayut The shared values and knowledge Razdelennye cennosti i znanie Q Quality of research facilities Kachestvo sredstv obsluzhivaniya issledovaniya W Whether Li Widespread SHiroko rasprostranennyj.